অষ্টম, নবম, দশম
জ.ই. জাহিদ নূর কাজল
সিনিয়র শিক্ষক,
ন্যাশনাল আইডিয়াল স্কুল, ঢাকা
গতকালের পর
Rule-9: কোন sentence-এ যদি No sooner had ..... than (যেতে না যেতে)’, ‘scarecely had..... when (বলতে না বলতে), ‘hardly had......before’ থাকে তাহলে প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম Verb(V3)-এবং শেষ/২য় Verb(V2) হয়।
( No sooner had the teacher entered the class than the pupils stood up.
(শিক্ষক শ্রেণীতে ঢোকা মাত্র ছাত্র/ছাত্রীগণ দাঁড়িয়ে গেল।)
( Scarcely had the boys and girls seen the snake when they ran away.
No sooner had he (see) the police than he (run) away.
Rule-10: Since যুক্ত বাক্যের প্রথম অংশ Present Indefinite/ Present Perfect Tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হয়।
It is many years since I (come) to Dhaka.
Present Indefinite Past Indefinite Tense
= It is many years since I came to Dhaka.
Present Indefinite Past Indefinite Tense
Many years have passed since his father (die).
Present Prefect Past Indefinite
= Many years have passed since his father died
Present Perfect Past Indefinite
Rule-11: Since যুক্ত বাক্যের প্রথম অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Perfect Tense হয়।
It was many years since they first (meet).
Past Indefinite Past Perfect
= It was many years since they had first met.
Past Indefinite Past Perfect
It was long since I (see) her last. = It was long since I had seen her last.
It was many years since I (come) to Dhaka.
Rule-12(a): before এর প্রথম অংশ Past Perfect Tense এবং পরের অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হয়।
The patient ( die) before the doctor (come).
=The patient had died before the doctor came.
Past Perfect Past Indefinite
Rule-13(b): after এর প্রথম অংশ Past Indefinite Tense এবং পরের অংশ Past Perfect Tense হয়।
The patient ( die) after the doctor (come).
=The patient died after the doctor had come.
Past Indefinite Past Perfect
Note: before - এর পূর্বে এবং after -এর পরে Past Perfect Tense হয়।
Rule-14: যদি কোন সাধারণ বাক্যে দুটি verb থাকে তাহলে ব্রাকেটের verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়, অথবা verb টির পূর্বে to ( উদ্দেশ্য বুঝালে) বসে ।
I saw him (go). = I saw him going.
I don’t want (leave) this place.
=I don’t want to leave this place.
Rule-15 : (a) যদি কোন sentence-এ to অথবা In order to
( উদ্যেশ্য), Modal Auxiliary Verb ((can, could, may, might, would, should, shall, will, must, had better, had rather, would better, would rather, let, need, dare, have to, has to, had to, having to, going to, ought to, ইত্যাদি) থাকে তাহলে Verb এর Present Form (V1) হয় ।
অর্থাত্ মূল Verb এর পূর্েব বা পরে কোন কিছু যুক্ত হয় না)
We have to (obey) our elders.
They must ( finish) the work in time.
We learn English to (get) a good job. He comes here in order to (learn) computer.
I can (to do) the work. Rahim must (go) to market. You had better ( to go) home. I will not let you (to enter) the class room. Note: elect, select, nominate, choose, appoint ইত্যাদি verb এর পরে ব্যবহ্রত object এর পরে পদবি জ্ঞাপক ( factitive object) থাকলে তাদের পূর্বে article বসে না। যেমনঃ- captain এর পূর্বে the/a বসেনি। পরবর্তী অংশ আগামীকাল
